Type 2 odontoid fracture icd 10 series#
In the pediatric cohort, C1 to C2 injuries represented 7.7% of spine fractures presenting through a multi-institutional series following after trauma from multiple blunt mechanisms. Those who were younger, male, and presenting with spinal cord injury were more likely to undergo surgical intervention. Of 6370 patients with C2 fractures in Sweden, 51% were male, and the average age was 72 years. Registry study places the incidence of C2 fracture at 6 per 100,000 people.
This fracture is considered mechanically unstable, as it allows the atlas and the occiput to now move together as once unit and independent of the rest of the cervical column. There is a very low incidence of non-union, and surgery is seldom indicated for these fracturesĪ Type III odontoid fracture is characterized by a horizontal fracture through the odontoid with extension into the lateral masses of C2. Management comprises of conservative measures with external immobilization using a hard cervical collar. This is the least common type of odontoid fracture and is generally stable. This fracture is therefore described as an oblique avulsion fracture of the tip of odontoid resulting from avulsion of the alar ligament. This is the point of insertion for the alar ligaments. Management of this fracture type can be non-operative (with a halo-thoracic vest) or operative (posterior atlantoaxial arthrodesis or anterior screw fixation).Ī type I odontoid fracture involves the tip of the dens. These fractures are at higher risk of displacement and angulation (in comparison to the type 1 and 3 subtypes) due to distractive forces from the ligamentous attachment of apical and alar ligaments to the proximal fragment. Important prognostic factors for fracture healing (union versus non-union) are the degree of fracture fragment displacement and angulation. It can be caused by either hyper-flexion or hyperextension mechanisms of injury. This case demonstrates a type 2 odontoid process fracture, a transverse fracture through the base of the dens and represents the most common type of dens fracture.
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